{"id":4270,"date":"2020-11-11T15:41:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T15:41:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legumehub.eu\/?page_id=4270"},"modified":"2022-01-25T07:33:03","modified_gmt":"2022-01-25T07:33:03","slug":"erbse","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/legumehub.eu\/de\/leguminosen\/erbse\/","title":{"rendered":"Erbse"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Erbse<\/h1>\n

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Artikel<\/a>\u00a0| Videos<\/a> | Mehr \u00fcber die Erbse<\/a><\/p>\n

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Artikel<\/a>\u00a0| Videos<\/a> | Mehr \u00fcber die Erbse<\/a><\/p>\n

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Mehr \u00fcber die Erbse<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#ffca67″ divider_weight=”3px” _builder_version=”4.7.0″ max_width=”80px” height=”3px” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Einleitung” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Erbsen sind f\u00fcr eine nachhaltige, lokale und GVO-freie Nutztierf\u00fctterung unersetzlich. Neben dem Einsatz im Futter entwickeln sich in Europa immer mehr Vermarktungsm\u00f6glichkeiten f\u00fcr Erbsen im Humanern\u00e4hrungsbereich.<\/p>\n

Die Erbse ist eine annuelle H\u00fclsenfrucht. Erbsen werden in der Regel zu Beginn des Fr\u00fchjahrs ausges\u00e4t. Jedoch werden aufgrund der sich ver\u00e4ndernden klimatischen Witterungsbedingungen immer mehr Wintererbsen angebaut. Diese werden im Herbst ges\u00e4t und \u00dcberwintern in einer gedrungenen Wuchsform, wobei sie ein starkes Wurzelsystem ausbilden und daher besser an Fr\u00fchjahrstrockenheit angepasst sind.<\/p>\n

In Europa gibt es zwei Arten von Erbsen die sich anhand ihrer Wuchs- und Blattform unterscheiden. Der normalbl\u00e4ttrige Erbsentyp entwickelt gefiederte Bl\u00e4tter mit endst\u00e4ndigen Ranken, wird 90 bis 180 cm hoch und weist ein indeterminiertes Wachstum auf. Teilweise wird dieser Typ auch als Gr\u00fcnfuttererbse bezeichnet. Der zweite Erbsentyp ist der semileafless oder halbblattlose Typ, dieser bildet ein gro\u00dfes st\u00e4ngelumfassendes Nebenblatt am Blattgrund aus und statt Fiederbl\u00e4ttern werden nur Ranken ausgebildet. Dieser Erbsentyp ist mit einer Pflanzenh\u00f6he von 60 bis 120 cm und einem determiniertem Wachstum deutlich k\u00fcrzer als die normalbl\u00e4ttrigen Erbsen. Die Erbse bildet gew\u00f6hnlich nur einen oder zwei St\u00e4ngel aus. Eine starke Verzweigung tritt nur bei der Wintererbse aufgrund ihrer Wuchs- und \u00dcberwinterungseigenschaften auf. Halbblattlose Erbsen lagern weniger und weisen damit eine bessere Erntef\u00e4higkeit auf. Die normalbl\u00e4ttrigen Erbsen werden vorzugsweise im Mischanbau mit Getreide angebaut, um die Standfestigkeit zu verbessern. Die meisten Sorten haben wei\u00dfe Bl\u00fcten mit blassgelben oder gr\u00fcnen Samen. Bei diesen ist die Samenschale durchsichtig, so dass die Keimblattfarbe durchschimmert. Violett bl\u00fchende Erbsen haben eine dunkle, undurchsichtige Samenschale und enthalten Tannine.<\/p>\n

Erbsen bevorzugen leichte bis mittelschwere B\u00f6den, die leicht zu erw\u00e4rmen, locker und gut drainiert sind. Die h\u00f6chsten Ertr\u00e4ge werden auf humusreichen, tiefgr\u00fcndigen Lehmb\u00f6den erzielt. Der pH-Wert des Bodens sollte neutral bis schwach sauer sein. Eine gute Wasserversorgung, insbesondere f\u00fcr die Keimung und w\u00e4hrend der Bl\u00fcte, ist erforderlich. Standorte, die zu Staun\u00e4sse oder Verdichtung neigen, sollten jedoch vermieden werden.<\/p>\n

Erbsen bevorzugen ein m\u00e4\u00dfig feuchtes, nicht zu warmes Klima. Hitze- und Wasserstress vermindern den Ertrag der Erbsen. Ihre Frosth\u00e4rte h\u00e4ngt von der Form ab: W\u00e4hrend die Sommererbse Sp\u00e4tfr\u00f6ste bis -4 \u00b0C vertr\u00e4gt, vertragen wei\u00dfbl\u00fchende Wintererbsen Frost bis -15 \u00b0C und violettbl\u00fchende Wintererbsen bis ca. -20 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n

Der Rohproteingehalt der Erbsen liegt zwischen 18 und 29 % in der Trockensubstanz. Der Ertrag der Erbse liegt zwischen 20 und 55 dt\/ha, kann aber auch einen maximalen Ertrag von 70 dt\/ha erreichen. Im \u00f6kologischen Landbau sind die Ertr\u00e4ge niedriger als im konventionellen Anbau. Ein Grund f\u00fcr schwankende Ertr\u00e4ge ist die Selbstunvertr\u00e4glichkeit. Es wird empfohlen erst nach f\u00fcnf bis zehn Jahren wieder Erbsen auf dem gleichen Standort anzubauen. Allerdings sind Fruchtfolgen mit anderen Leguminosenarten in k\u00fcrzeren Zyklen m\u00f6glich.<\/p>\n

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