{"id":4208,"date":"2020-11-11T15:02:20","date_gmt":"2020-11-11T15:02:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.legumehub.eu\/?page_id=4208"},"modified":"2022-01-25T07:37:38","modified_gmt":"2022-01-25T07:37:38","slug":"sojabohne","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/legumehub.eu\/de\/leguminosen\/sojabohne\/","title":{"rendered":"Sojabohne"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Sojabohne<\/h1>\n

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Artikel<\/a>\u00a0| Videos<\/a> | Mehr \u00fcber die Sojabohne<\/a><\/p>\n

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Artikel<\/a>\u00a0| Videos<\/a> | Mehr \u00fcber die Sojabohne<\/a><\/p>\n

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Mehr \u00fcber die Sojabohne<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#ffca67″ divider_weight=”3px” _builder_version=”4.7.0″ max_width=”80px” height=”3px” locked=”off”]
\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Einleitung” _builder_version=”4.8.2″ text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off”]<\/p>\n

Die Sojabohne ist eine Art in der Gattung\u00a0Glycine<\/em>. Sie ist eine schnell wachsende, einj\u00e4hrige krautige Pflanze, bis zu 2 m hoch und mit einer Pfahlwurzel, die sich bis zu 2 m tief ausbreiten kann. Die Wurzeln tragen Kn\u00f6llchen, wenn sie mit dem stickstofffixierenden Bakterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum geimpft werden.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Die Sojabohne wird seit mehr als 3.500 Jahren kultiviert. Sie stammt urspr\u00fcnglich aus China und ist in Europa derzeit die wichtigste Quelle f\u00fcr proteinreiches Futter in der Nutztierhaltung. Der gr\u00f6sste Teil der in Europa verwendeten Sojabohne wird importiert. Im Jahr 2019 wurden in Europa rund zehn Millionen Tonnen Sojabohnen produziert. Der durchschnittliche Ertrag liegt bei etwa 2,3 t\/ha und kann an bevorzugten Standorten in Europa bei mehr als 5 t\/ha liegen. Die Sojabohne ist reich an Eiwei\u00df (ca. 40 %) und \u00d6l (ca. 20 %). Sie wird wegen ihrer Inhaltstoffe, insbesondere der Kombination von Eiwei\u00df und \u00d6l und wegen der hohen ern\u00e4hrungsphysiologischen Qualit\u00e4t des Proteins sehr gesch\u00e4tzt. Als Tierfutter wird die Sojabohne f\u00fcr gew\u00f6hnlich verarbeitet, um die Verdaulichkeit zu erh\u00f6hen und um antinutritive Faktoren zu reduzieren. Sie wird auch f\u00fcr Lebensmittelprodukte wie Tofu, Tempeh oder Sojamilch verwendet. Sojaextraktionsschrot ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil in der intensiven Nutztierhaltung.<\/p>\n

Sojabohne kann auf den meisten Bodentypen angebaut werden, bevorzugt aber warme, gut durchl\u00e4ssige Standorte. Die wilde Sojabohne ist eine Kurztagpflanze. Lange oder verl\u00e4ngerte Tage verhindern bei den meisten Sorten den Beginn der Bl\u00fcte. Die Empfindlichkeit gegen\u00fcber der Tagesl\u00e4nge variiert von Sorte zu Sorte und ist das entscheidende Merkmal, um die Eignung einer Sorte f\u00fcr einen Standort und den Zeitpunkt der Aussaat zu bestimmen. Die Aussaat erfolgt in der Regel im M\u00e4rz und April, wenn die Bodentemperatur etwa 9 \u00b0C erreicht hat. Die Sojabohne reift in den meisten europ\u00e4ischen Anbaugebieten im September oder Oktober. Die Ernte mit einem M\u00e4hdrescher erfolgt sobald die Bl\u00e4tter abgefallen sind und der Feuchtigkeitsgehalt der Samen unter 20 % und idealerweise bei etwa 13 % liegt.<\/p>\n

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